This Day in History: Cornell’s Afro-American Society Takes Over Willard Straight Hall in 1969

On April 19, 1969, Black students at Cornell took over Willard Straight Hall, demanding justice and Black studies. Their protest reshaped campus history.

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Heavily armed African American students leave Straight Hall at Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y., on April 20, 1969, after barricading themselves in the building led by Ed Whitfield, far right, demanding a degree-granting African American Studies program. The image won the 1970 Pulitzer Prize for spot news photography. (AP Photo/Steve Starr, File)
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On this day in 1969, members of Cornell’s Afro-American Society took over Willard Straight Hall to , judicial bias, and the university’s slow movement on Black studies. The occupation followed a burning cross found outside Wari House, a residence for Black women.

A violent clash with white fraternity members escalated tensions, prompting the to arm themselves for protection. The image of them emerging with rifles made national headlines, drawing comparisons to wartime unrest.

Toting a rifle and raising a clenched fist, Thomas W. Jones, spokesman for the Afro-American Society at Cornell University at Ithaca, N.Y., marches out of a student union hall after black militants occupied the building in a showdown over race relations, April 20, 1969. (AP Photo/Steve Starr)

The event sparked decades of change: the establishment of Africana Studies, new cultural living centers, and reforms in university governance. The takeover permanently reshaped Cornell’s identity, marking a pivotal chapter in campus and civil rights .


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